A model for Network Security, Classical encryption techniques: Symmetric cipher model, Substitution ciphers-Caesar Cipher, Monoalphabetic Cipher, Playfair Cipher, Hill Cipher, Polyalphabetic Ciphers, One time pad, Steganography.

Block Ciphers and Data Encryption Standards: Traditional Block Cipher structures, data Encryption Standard (DES), A DES Example, The strength of DES, Block cipher design principles.

Pseudorandom number Generators: Linear Congruential Generators, Blum Blum Shub Generator.

Public key cryptography and RSA: Principles of public key cryptosystems-Public key cryptosystems, Applications for public key cryptosystems, Requirements for public key cryptography, Public key Cryptanalysis, The RSA algorithm: Description of the Algorithm, Computational aspects, The Security of RSA.

Diffie-Hellman key exchange: The Algorithm, Key exchange Protocols, Man-in-the-middle Attack, Elliptic Curve Cryptography: Analog of Diffie-Hellman key Exchange, Elliptic Curve Encryption/Decryption, Security of Elliptic Curve Cryptography.

Key management fundamentals Key lengths and lifetimes, Key generation, Key establishment, Key storage, Key usage, Governing key management.

Public-Key Management: Certification of public keys, The certificate lifecycle, Public-key management models, Alternative approaches.

Web security consideration Transport layer security.

IP Security: IP Security overview, IP Security Policy, Encapsulating Security Payload, Combining security associations, Internet key exchange.

Data Security: Data hiding in Text-Basic features, Applications of data hiding, Watermarking, Intuitive Methods, Simple Digital methods, Data hiding in Text, Innocuous Text, Mimic Functions.

Data hiding in Images: LSB encoding, BPCS Steganography, Lossless data hiding.