Power Supplies: Block Diagram, Rectifiers, Reservoir and Smoothing Circuits, Improved Ripple Filters, Full Wave Rectifiers, Bi Phase Rectifiers Circuits, Bridge Rectifier Circuits, Voltage Regulators, Output Resistance and Voltage Regulation, Voltage Multipliers, (Only Voltage Doubler) Switched Mode Power Supplies.

Amplifiers: Types of Amplifiers, Gain, Input and Output Resistance, Frequency Response, Bandwidth, Phase Shift, Negative Feedback.

Oscillators: Positive Feedback, Condition for Oscillations, Ladder Network Oscillator, Wein Bridge Oscillator, Single-Stage Astable Oscillator, Crystal Controlled Oscillators (Only Concepts, Working, and Waveforms. No Mathematical Derivations).

Operational Amplifiers: Operational Amplifier Parameters, Operational Amplifier Characteristics, Operational Amplifier Configurations, Operational Amplifier Circuits.

Analog Communication Schemes: Introduction, Modern Communication System Scheme: Information Source and Input Transducer, Transmitter, Channel or Medium, Noise, Receiver, Concept of Modulation, Concept of Radio Wave Propagation (Ground, Space, Sky), Types of Communication Systems.

Modulation Schemes: Amplitude Modulation, Angle Modulation, Advantages of Digital Communication Over Analog Communication, Multiplexing, Digital Modulation Schemes: ASK, FSK, PSK, (Explanation with Waveform).

Embedded Systems: Definition, Embedded Systems Vs General Computing Systems, Classification of Embedded Systems, Major Application Areas of Embedded Systems, Purpose of an Embedded System, Core of The Embedded System: Microprocessors, GPP Vs ASIP, Microcontrollers, Microprocessor Vs Microcontroller, DSP, RISC V/S CISC, Memory: ROM, Sensors, Actuators, LED, 7-Segment LED Display.

Boolean Algebra and Logic Circuits: Binary Numbers, Number Base Conversion- Binary, Decimal And Octal and Hexa Decimal Numbers and Vice-Versa, Complements-1’s and 2’s, Basic Definitions, Basic Theorems and Properties of Boolean Algebra, Boolean Functions, Canonical and Standard Forms, Digital Logic Gates.

Combinational Logic: Introduction, Design Procedure, Adders- Half Adder, Full Adder.