Introduction to operating systems, System structures: What operating systems do; Computer System organization; Computer System architecture; Operating System structure; Operating System operations; Process management; Memory management; Storage management; Protection and Security; Distributed system; Special-purpose systems; Computing environments.

Operating System Services: User – Operating System interface; System calls; Types of system calls; System programs; Operating system design and implementation; Operating System structure; Virtual machines; Operating System debugging, Operating System generation; System boot.

Process Management: Process concept; Process scheduling; Operations on processes; Inter process communication.

Multi-threaded Programming: Overview; Multithreading models; Thread Libraries; Threading issues.

Process Scheduling: Basic concepts; Scheduling Criteria; Scheduling Algorithms; Thread scheduling; Multiple-processor scheduling.

Process Synchronization: Synchronization: The critical section problem; Peterson’s solution; Synchronization hardware; Semaphores; Classical problems of synchronization.

Deadlocks: System model; Deadlock characterization; Methods for handling deadlocks; Deadlock prevention; Deadlock avoidance; Deadlock detection and recovery from deadlock.

Memory Management: Memory management strategies: Background; Swapping; Contiguous memory allocation; Paging; Structure of page table; Segmentation.

Virtual Memory Management: Background; Demand paging; Copy-on-write; Page replacement; Allocation of frames; Thrashing.

File System, Implementation of File System: File system: File concept; Access methods; Directory and Disk structure; File system mounting; File sharing.

Implementing File system: File system structure; File system implementation; Directory implementation; Allocation methods; Free space management.

Secondary Storage Structure, Protection: Mass storage structures; Disk structure; Disk attachment; Disk scheduling; Disk management.

Protection: Goals of protection, Principles of protection, Domain of protection, Access matrix.