Quantum Physics: de Broglie Hypothesis, Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle and its application (Broadneing of Spectral Lines), Principle of Complementarity, Wave Function, Time independent Schrödinger wave equation (Derivation), Physical significance of a wave function and Born Interpretation, Expectation value and its physical significance, Eigen functions and Eigen values, Particle inside one dimensional infinite potential well, Role of higher dimensions (Qualitative), Waveforms and Probabilities, Particle inside a finite potential well and quantum tunneling, Numerical Problems.

Electrical Properties of Metals and Semiconductors: Failures of classical free electron theory, Mechanisms of electron scattering in solids, Matheissen’s rule, Assumptions of Quantum free electron theory, Density of states, Fermi Dirac statistics, Fermi energy, Variation of Fermi factor with temperature and energy, Expression for carrier concentration in a conductor, Mention of expression for electrical conductivity, Success of quantum free electron theory of metals, Derivation of electron concentration in an intrinsic semiconductor, Expression for electron and hole concentration in extrinsic semiconductor (Qualitative), Fermi level for intrinsic (with derivation) and extrinsic semiconductor (no derivation), Hall effect, Numerical Problems.

Superconductivity: Zero resistance state, Persistent current, Meissner effect, Critical temperature, Critical current (Silsbee Effect) – Derivation for a cylindrical wire using ampere’s law, Critical field, Formation of Cooper pairs – Mediation of phonons, Two-fluid model, BCS Theory – Phase coherent state, Limitations of BCS theory, examples of systems with low and high electron-phonon coupling, Type-I and Type-II superconductors, Formation of Vortices, Explanation for upper critical field, Josephson junction, Flux quantization, DC and AC SQUID (Qualitative), Charge Qubit, Numerical Problems.

Photonics: Interaction of radiation with matter – Einstein’s A and B coefficients, Prerequisites for lasing actions, Types of LASER – Semiconductor diode LASER, Use of attenuators for single photon sources, Optical modulators – Pockel’s effect, Kerr effect, Photodetectors – Photomultiplier tube, Single Photon Avalanche Diode, Optical fiber, Derivation of Numerical aperture, V-number, Number of modes, losses in optical fiber, Mach-Zehnder interferometer, Numerical problems.

Semiconductor devices and Sensors: Direct and indirect band gap, Band gap engineering, Zener Diode, LED, PhotoDiode, Photo Transistor, Light dependent resistor, Resistance temperature detectors (high, medium, low), Sensing mechanisms, Piezo electric Sensors, Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors, Hall sensor, Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detector, Numerical Problems.